Transmissometer manifold

ABSTRACT

Technology is provided for a fluid transmissometer manifold. The transmissometer manifold includes a manifold body having an upwardly extending bubble diverter passageway with an upper end portion and a lower end portion. A flow restrictor is connected to the upper end portion and an inlet passageway is connected to the diverter passageway between the flow restrictor and the lower end portion. An upwardly extending optical chamber is connected to the lower end portion. At least a portion of a fluid entering the inlet passageway flows downward into the optical chamber and any bubbles contained in the fluid travel upward through the bubble diverter passageway. A light source can be positioned at a first end of the optical chamber and a detector positioned at a second end of the optical chamber opposite the light source and operative to detect light emitted from the light source.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This patent application is directed to fluid property measurement and,more specifically, to a transmissometer manifold.

BACKGROUND

A fluid transmissometer measures the fraction of light, emitted from alight source, traveling through a fluid (e.g., water), and reaching alight detector a set distance away. Light which is absorbed or scatteredby the fluid positioned between the source and the detector does notreach the detector. Therefore, the fraction of light received by thelight detector is indicative of the composition of the fluid.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the transmissometer manifold introduced herein may bebetter understood by referring to the following Detailed Description inconjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like referencenumerals indicate identical or functionally similar elements.

FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a transmissometer according to arepresentative embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a side view in cross-section of the transmissometer shown inFIG. 1 with various components removed for clarity.

FIG. 3 is an exploded isometric view of the transmissometer shown inFIGS. 1 and 2.

FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of selected transmissometermanifold fluid passageways.

The headings provided herein are for convenience only and do notnecessarily affect the scope or meaning of the claimed embodiments.Further, the drawings have not necessarily been drawn to scale. Forexample, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may beexpanded or reduced to help improve the understanding of theembodiments. Moreover, while the disclosed technology is amenable tovarious modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments havebeen shown by way of example in the drawings and are described in detailbelow. The intention, however, is not to limit the embodimentsdescribed. On the contrary, the embodiments are intended to cover allmodifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope ofthe embodiments as defined by the appended claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Overview

A fluid transmissometer manifold is disclosed. The disclosedtransmissometer manifold design helps prevent bubbles and buoyant debrisentrained in a fluid sample from entering the optical chamber of atransmissometer and interfering with measurements of the fluid. In anembodiment, the fluid transmissometer includes a manifold body having anupwardly extending bubble diverter passageway with an upper end portionand a lower end portion. A flow restrictor is connected to the upper endportion and an inlet passageway is connected to the diverter passagewaybetween the flow restrictor and the lower end portion. An upwardlyextending optical chamber is connected to the lower end portion. Atleast a portion of a fluid entering the inlet passageway flows downwardinto the optical chamber and any bubbles contained in the fluid travelupward through the bubble diverter passageway. The outlet of the opticalchamber is connected to the outlet of the bubble diverter passageway sothat bubbles are recombined with the post-measurement sample into asingular system outlet. In some embodiments, a light source ispositioned at a first end of the optical chamber and a detector ispositioned at a second end of the optical chamber opposite the lightsource and operative to detect light emitted from the light source.

General Description

Various examples of the device and systems introduced above will now bedescribed in further detail. The following description provides specificdetails for a thorough understanding and enabling description of theseexamples. One skilled in the relevant art will understand, however, thatthe techniques discussed herein may be practiced without many of thesedetails. Likewise, one skilled in the relevant art will also understandthat the technology can include many other features not described indetail herein. Additionally, some well-known structures or functions maynot be shown or described in detail below so as to avoid unnecessarilyobscuring the relevant description.

The terminology used below is to be interpreted in its broadestreasonable manner, even though it is being used in conjunction with adetailed description of some specific examples of the embodiments.Indeed, some terms may even be emphasized below; however, anyterminology intended to be interpreted in any restricted manner will beovertly and specifically defined as such in this section.

As shown in FIG. 1, the transmissometer 100 includes a transmissometermanifold 102, a light detector endcap 104, and a light source endcap106. A fluid sample to be measured flows into inlet fitting 108 throughinlet tubing 110 and into the transmissometer manifold 102 via inletport fitting 112. As explained more fully below with respect to FIG. 2,bubbles and other buoyant debris are separated from the fluid sampleprior to being measured. Bubbles and debris separated from the fluidsample exit the manifold 102 via diverter port fitting 114 and throughdiverter tubing 116. The measured sample exits manifold 102 via outletport fitting 118 and outlet tubing 120. The measured sample and bubblesare recombined in outlet tee union or fitting 122. Thus, the tee fittingprovides a single outlet for the measured sample. In some embodiments,the inlet tubing 110 and outlet tubing 120 are comprised of ⅛ inchtubing having a 1/16 inch inner diameter. In some embodiments, thediverter passageway tubing is 1/16 inch tubing having a 0.030 inch innerdiameter. In some embodiments, the outlet tee fitting 122 has a throughpath with a 3/32 inch inner diameter and a perpendicular path of 0.0625inches in diameter.

With reference to FIG. 2, the transmissometer manifold 102 comprises amanifold body 103 including an upwardly extending bubble diverterpassageway 130 (e.g., a first passageway) having an upper end portion132 and a lower end portion 134. A flow restrictor 136 is connected tothe upper end portion 132. An inlet passageway 138 (e.g., a secondpassageway) is connected to the diverter passageway 130 between the flowrestrictor 136 and the lower end portion 134. An upwardly extendingoptical chamber 140 (e.g., third passageway and/or measurement chamber)is connected to the lower end portion 134 of the diverter passageway130. The upper end portion 132 includes a partial drill point 135intersecting with the flow restrictor 136 (e.g., a fourth passageway).The resulting chamfered corner or transition facilitates movement ofbubbles out of the upper end portion 132 of the diverter passageway 130.

The diameter D₁ of the flow restrictor 136, the diameter D₂ of thediverter passageway 130, and the diameter D₃ of the optical chamber 140are sized relative to each other to cause the majority of the fluidsample entering the inlet passageway 138 to flow through the lower endportion 134 and into the optical chamber 140, while allowing bubbles andbuoyant debris to pass through the flow restrictor 136 and out of themanifold body 103. In at least one embodiment, the bubble diverterpassageway has an inner diameter D₂ of approximately 0.116 inches andthe flow restrictor has an inner diameter D₁ of approximately 0.030inches. In at least one embodiment, the inner diameter D₃ of opticalchamber 140 is approximately 0.125 inches. In some embodiments, thediameter D₃ of the optical chamber 140 is approximately the samediameter D₂ as the bubble diverter passageway 130. In addition to thediameters (D₁, D₂, and D₃) being sized to control the proportion offluid diverted around the optical chamber 140, the lengths of the outlettubing 120 and diverter tubing 116 (see FIG. 1) are also sized. In anembodiment, the outlet tubing 120 is 2.85 inches long with an innerdiameter of 1/16″ and the diverter tubing 116 is 4.48 inches long withan inner diameter of 0.030 inches.

The fluid enters the inlet passageway 138 through inlet port 150. Theportion of fluid containing the bubbles that flows upward through theupper end portion 132 exits the manifold body 103 through an outlet port152. The optical chamber 140 includes an inlet end 142 connected to thelower end portion 134 and also includes an outlet end 144 connected toan outlet passageway 146. Fluid traveling through the optical chamber140 exits the manifold body 103 via the outlet passageway 146 and theoutlet port 154 connected to passageway 146. In some embodiments, theports 150, 152, and 154 comprise threaded bores sized and configured toreceive appropriate fittings, such as fittings 112, 114, and 118 (seeFIG. 1).

With continued reference to FIG. 2, it can be appreciated that thebubble diverter passageway 130 is substantially vertically oriented.Preferably, the diverter passageway 130 is positioned vertically withinapproximately ±15° from vertical. The vertical orientation of the bubblediverter passageway 130 is preferable in that it provides maximumbuoyant force to remove the bubbles from the flow path. It should alsobe appreciated that, in general, the passageways of the manifold body103 are upwardly extending passageways to help prevent bubbles frombeing trapped within the transmissometer. The bubble diverter passageway130 and the optical chamber 140 are oriented at an angle A with respectto each other. In one embodiment, angle A is approximately 35°.

Inlet end 142 of the optical chamber 140 intersects a lower window bore156 at one end of the manifold body 103. Similarly, the outlet end 144of the optical chamber 140 intersects an upper window bore 158. Thewindow bores 156 and 158 are sized and configured to receive opticalwindows 160 and 162, respectively. Each optical window 160 and 162 issealed in the window bores 156 and 158 with O-rings 166 and 164,respectively.

With further reference to FIG. 3, the optical windows 160 and 162 areretained in their respective window bores 156 and 158 by the endcaps 104and 106. The endcap 104 houses the light detector 172, which receiveslight through the optical chamber 140 from the light source 170, whichis housed in endcap 106. Endcaps 104 and 106 are mounted to the manifoldbody 103 with suitable fasteners (not shown) that extend throughclearance holes 174 and engage into threaded holes 176 located on themanifold body 103. In some embodiments, the manifold body 102 mayinclude locating pins 178, which correspondingly mate with apertures onthe endcaps 104 and 106. Optical windows 160 and 162 seal the ends ofthe optical chamber 140 and provide transparent windows through whichthe light source 170 and detector 172 can operate to detect propertiesof the fluid contained in the fluid chamber 140. The manifold body 103and endcaps 104 and 106 can be comprised of any suitable material suchas metal or plastic. In various embodiments, the manifold body andendcaps can be comprised of titanium, steel, aluminum, acetal resin,polyethylene, or combinations thereof, for example. In some embodiments,the optical windows 160 and 162 are comprised of glass or other suitabletransparent material such as optical plastics including, for example,polycarbonate, acrylic, polystyrene, and the like.

Although the passageways in the manifold body 103 have been described ashaving particular angles, orientations, and dimensions, other angles,orientations, and dimensions may be used without departing from thedisclosed technology.

For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the inlet passageway 138 can be angledwith respect to horizontal by an angle X. In some embodiments, angle Xcan range from 0-90 degrees. In at least one embodiment, angle X is lessthan approximately 30 degrees from horizontal so that bubbles areseparated to the top of the inlet passageway 138 and guided to the upperend portion 132. The upper end portion 132 of the diverter passageway130 can be angled with respect to vertical at an angle of ±Y degrees. Inone embodiment, Y is approximately ±45 degrees. The lower end portion134 can vary from vertical by an angle of ±Z degrees. In one embodiment,Z is approximately ±45 degrees.

Remarks

The above description and drawings are illustrative and are not to beconstrued as limiting. Numerous specific details are described toprovide a thorough understanding of the disclosure. However, in someinstances, well-known details are not described in order to avoidobscuring the description. Further, various modifications may be madewithout deviating from the scope of the embodiments. Accordingly, theembodiments are not limited except as by the appended claims.

Reference in this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment”means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic describedin connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodimentof the disclosure. The appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” invarious places in the specification are not necessarily all referring tothe same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodimentsmutually exclusive of other embodiments. Moreover, various features aredescribed which may be exhibited by some embodiments and not by others.Similarly, various requirements are described which may be requirementsfor some embodiments but not for other embodiments.

The terms used in this specification generally have their ordinarymeanings in the art, within the context of the disclosure, and in thespecific context where each term is used. It will be appreciated thatthe same thing can be said in more than one way. Consequently,alternative language and synonyms may be used for any one or more of theterms discussed herein, and any special significance is not to be placedupon whether or not a term is elaborated or discussed herein. Synonymsfor some terms are provided. A recital of one or more synonyms does notexclude the use of other synonyms. The use of examples anywhere in thisspecification, including examples of any term discussed herein, isillustrative only and is not intended to further limit the scope andmeaning of the disclosure or of any exemplified term. Likewise, thedisclosure is not limited to various embodiments given in thisspecification. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientificterms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one ofordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. In the caseof conflict, the present document, including definitions, will control.

What is claimed is:
 1. A fluid measurement manifold, comprising: amanifold body, including: an upwardly extending first passageway havingan upper end portion and a lower end portion; a flow restrictorconnected to the upper end portion; a second passageway connected to thefirst passageway between the flow restrictor and the lower end portion;and an upwardly extending measurement chamber connected to the lower endportion; wherein at least a portion of a fluid entering the secondpassageway flows downward into the measurement chamber and any bubblescontained in the fluid travel upward through the first passageway. 2.The fluid measurement manifold of claim 1, wherein the flow restrictorcomprises an orifice.
 3. The fluid measurement manifold of claim 1,wherein the flow restrictor comprises a fourth passageway formed in themanifold body having a diameter smaller than a diameter of the upper endportion.
 4. The fluid measurement manifold of claim 1, wherein the flowrestrictor comprises a length of tubing having an inner diameter smallerthan a diameter of the upper end portion.
 5. The fluid measurementmanifold of claim 1, wherein the measurement chamber has an inlet endconnected to the lower end portion and an outlet end, and furthercomprising an outlet passageway connected to the outlet end.
 6. Thefluid measurement manifold of claim 5, wherein the outlet passageway andthe flow restrictor are connected to provide a single outlet.
 7. A fluidtransmissometer manifold, comprising: a manifold body, including: anupwardly extending bubble diverter passageway having an upper endportion and a lower end portion; a flow restrictor connected to theupper end portion; an inlet passageway connected to the diverterpassageway between the flow restrictor and the lower end portion; and anupwardly extending optical chamber connected to the lower end portion;wherein at least a portion of a fluid entering the inlet passagewayflows downward into the optical chamber and any bubbles contained in thefluid travel upward through the bubble diverter passageway.
 8. The fluidtransmissometer manifold of claim 7, wherein the optical chamber has aninlet end connected to the lower end portion and an outlet end, furthercomprising an outlet passageway connected to the outlet end.
 9. Thefluid transmissometer manifold of claim 8, wherein the outlet passagewayand the flow restrictor are connected.
 10. The fluid transmissometermanifold of claim 9, further comprising a tee union interconnecting theoutlet passageway and the flow restrictor, wherein the tee union has asingular outlet.
 11. The fluid transmissometer manifold of claim 7,wherein the bubble diverter passageway has an inner diameter ofapproximately 0.116 inches and the flow restrictor has an inner diameterof approximately 0.030 inches.
 12. The fluid transmissometer manifold ofclaim 7, wherein the bubble diverter passageway and the optical chamberare oriented at an angle of approximately 35 degrees with respect toeach other.
 13. The fluid transmissometer manifold of claim 7, whereinthe bubble diverter passageway is substantially vertically oriented. 14.A fluid transmissometer, comprising: a manifold body, including: anupwardly extending bubble diverter passageway having an upper endportion and a lower end portion; a flow restrictor connected to theupper end portion; an inlet passageway connected to the diverterpassageway between the flow restrictor and the lower end portion; and anupwardly extending optical chamber connected to the lower end portion;wherein at least a portion of a fluid entering the inlet passagewayflows downward into the optical chamber and any bubbles contained in thefluid travel upward through the bubble diverter passageway; a lightsource positioned at a first end of the optical chamber; and a detectorpositioned at a second end of the optical chamber opposite the lightsource and operative to detect light emitted from the light source. 15.The fluid transmissometer of claim 14, wherein the first end of theoptical chamber is connected to the lower end portion, and furthercomprising an outlet passageway connected to the second end of theoptical chamber.
 16. The fluid transmissometer of claim 15, wherein theflow restrictor comprises a length of tubing having an inner diametersmaller than a diameter of the upper end portion.
 17. The fluidtransmissometer of claim 16, wherein the outlet passageway and the flowrestrictor are connected.
 18. The fluid transmissometer of claim 17,further comprising a tee union interconnecting the outlet passageway andthe flow restrictor, wherein the tee union has a singular outlet. 19.The fluid transmissometer of claim 14, wherein the bubble diverterpassageway has an inner diameter of approximately 0.116 inches and theflow restrictor has an inner diameter of approximately 0.030 inches. 20.The fluid transmissometer of claim 14, wherein the bubble diverterpassageway and the optical chamber are oriented at an angle ofapproximately 35 degrees with respect to each other.
 21. The fluidtransmissometer of claim 14, wherein the bubble diverter passageway issubstantially vertically oriented.